• Introduction: The discussion revolves around whether pure mathematics can be considered ethically neutral and its potential disconnection from human application.

• Major viewpoints:

  a. Reuben Hersh and Paul Ernest argue that pure mathematics can lead to potentially damaging thought patterns when applied to social and human issues.

  b. Rochelle Gutiérrez suggests rehumanizing mathematics to promote diversity and inclusion, countering the risk of a dehumanizing outlook due to its perceived ethical neutrality.

• Ernest's proposal: Integrate philosophy and ethics into teaching mathematics to strike a balance and better understand implications.

Real-world example: Biases in artificial intelligence algorithms and the data used to train them. These biases aren't an inherent part of AI, but are born from how the mathematics behind the AI is used and interpreted.

• Issue: The line between pure and applied mathematics is blurry and constantly shifting.

• Examples: Concepts like complex numbers and number theory, initially considered pure mathematics with no immediate applications, are now crucial in quantum mechanics and cryptography.

• Mathematical evolution: What appears ethically neutral today may not be so in the future.

Real-world example: Advanced mathematics has widespread use in 21st-century technology. Revelations about global mass surveillance highlight the social and political impact of math.

• The responsibility question: Mathematicians can no longer claim to 'just do the math,' as their work has real, potentially harmful implications.