• Purpose: To describe variables (kind of obvious from the name, right? 😉)
• To use them
  • Determine the level of measurement of the DV (Dependent Variable).
  • Check the normality of its distribution.
  • Calculate a measure of central tendency and a measure of dispersion.

 Nominal-level Variables 🏷️

• Can't be quantified (think of them as labels).
• No order; they’re just categories.
• Examples
  • Car brands 🚗 (Toyota isn't "greater" than Honda, right?)
  • Zodiac signs ♌ (A Leo isn’t “better” than a Cancer)
  • Yes/No questions 🔄
• Fun Fact: Math operations like addition or multiplication don't work on these.

 Ordinal-level Variables 📶

• Can be ranked (1st, 2nd, 3rd) but gaps between ranks aren’t equal.
• Think of a race 🏁: The time difference between 1st and 2nd isn’t the same as between 2nd and 3rd.

 Interval-level Variables 🌡️

• Like ordinal but with equal intervals.
• Zero doesn’t mean “nothing”.
• Example: Temperature in Celsius.
  • 0°C isn’t the absence of temperature; it’s just where water freezes.
  • So, 12°C + 5°C = 17°C is legit, but saying 20°C is twice as hot as 10°C? Nope!

 Ratio-level Variables 🍎🍏

• Like interval but zero means zero (absence of the thing).
• Example
  • Words remembered from a list 📝. Zero words = you remembered nada.
  • Also, temperature in Kelvin. Here, 0 K (absolute zero) means literally no temperature.