• It's all about why we think we succeed or fail.
• Your beliefs about why something happened can affect:
  • Your feelings 🥰😢
  • Your expectations for the future 🔮
  • Your behavior in similar situations 🏃‍♂️

🎤 Example: Think of a soccer player missing a penalty shot. Why did she miss? Bad luck? Lack of skill? Slippery ground?

• Heider (1958) Classified reasons into 4

  • Ability 🧠
  • Effort 💪
  • Task Difficulty 🏋️‍♀️
  • Luck 🍀

• Weiner (1985) Expanded these categories. Introduced

  • Locus of Stability: Stable (like ability) vs. Unstable (like luck)
  • Locus of Causality: Internal (like effort) vs. External (like opposition's quality)
  • Locus of Control: Under our control (like race plan) vs. Not under our control (like weather) 🌦

🎤 Example: Let's take a middle-distance runner

• Wins due to ability (stable) or luck (unstable).
• Wins because of her effort (internal) or because her rivals weren't strong (external).
• Wins by following a race plan (control) or a sudden downpour slowed everyone else (no control).

• After success, we often think, "Yup, that's all me!" (Internal reasons like effort).
• After a failure, it's more like, "The universe is against me!" (External reasons like bad luck).

• When someone thinks their failures are because of unchangeable things (like low ability) and feels their actions don't matter.
• It's like thinking, "No matter what I do, I'll always fail."